Theoretical Studies: Economic Challenges and Opportunities

Abstract

This research examines economic challenges and opportunities in the context of globalisation, digitalisation, and changes in socio-economic structures in the modern era. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method that follows the PRISMA guidelines, this study reviews various current studies until 2023. The results of the study show that education, innovation, and strengthening the capacity of human resources have a significant contribution to sustainable economic growth. The participation of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), the use of digital technology, and public-private sector collaboration have proven to be able to accelerate post-pandemic economic recovery and increase global competitiveness. However, the study also highlights challenges in the form of global uncertainty, socio-economic disparities, and income distribution inequality that have the potential to slow the pace of growth. Thus, a holistic approach that integrates education, a healthy business environment, technological innovation, and social equity is an important strategy in seizing opportunities while addressing economic challenges. This research is expected to make a conceptual and practical contribution to the formulation of inclusive and sustainable economic development policies.